Master's in turbocharging

WANT A MASTER'S IN TURBOCHARGING?? 

BorgWarner is working with the University of Huddersfield in the U.K. to establish a master's degree program in turbocharging engineering. The news came May 15 in a BorgWarner announcement outlining several developments in the U.K. (see below). Since 2011, BorgWarner has been collaborating with the University of Huddersfield on a Knowledge Transfer Partnership to research improvements in materials for turbocharger housings. The master's program would address commercial-vehicle and passenger-car applications. In related developments, BorgWarner will supply turbocharging technologies for JaguarLandRover's new family of four-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines that are slated to launch in 2015. To support the automaker's new Engine Manufacturing Centre near Wolverhampton, BorgWarner plans to expand on its existing production lines and build a new engineering center in Bradford. The supplier has produced turbocharging systems for several commercial engine makers in Bradford for almost 35 years; the new line will expand its turbocharger offerings to passenger cars. 

Definition of a Fluid.

 A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously when subjected to a shear stress, no matter how small that shear stress may be. A shear force is the force component tangent to a surface, and this force divided by the area of the surface is the average shear stress over the area. Shear stress at a point is the limiting value of shear force to area as the area is reduced to the point.

Conceptual and numerical question for thermodynamics (2nd yr B.Tech mech student)

Thermodynamics Tute sheet -7

(the question in this tutorial sheet are from VAn wylen )

Real and Ideal Gases

QNo.1 A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains butane at 25°C, 500kPa. Can the butane reasonably be assumed to behave as an ideal gas at this state?

QNo.2 A cylindrical gas tank 1m long, with inside diameter of 20 cm, is evacuated and then filled with CO₂ gas at 25°C. To what pressure should it be charged if there should be 1.2 kg of CO₂.                                         (2152kPa)

QNo.3 What is the percent error in specific volume if the ideal-gas model is used to represent the behaviour of superheated ammonia at 40°C and 500kPa? What if the generalized compressibility chart is used instead?                                                                                                                                                                        (4.5%,1.4%)  

QNo.4 Refrigerant R-32 is at -10°C with a quality 15%. Find the pressure and specific volume.                                                                                                                                                                            (925kPa, 0.007m³/kg)

QNo.5 Show that the van der Waals equation can be written as a cubic equation in the compressibility factor involving the reduced pressure and reduced temperature as –

                  Z³-(P_r/8T_r+1) Z² + (27P_r/64T_r²) Z - 27 P²_r/512 T³_r =0

QNo.6 One early attempt to improve on the van der Waals equation of state was an expression of the form

 P = (RT/ ʋ-b) – a/ ʋ²T, solve for the constants a,b, and ʋ_c  using the same procedure as for the van der Waals         equation.

QNo.7 A gas mixture at 120°C and 125kPa is 50% N₂, 30% H₂O and 20% O₂ on a mole basis. Find the mass fractions, the mixture gas constant, and the volume for 5kg of mixture.                                                                                                                                                                   (0.5427, 0.2094, 0.2479 ; 0.3221 kJ/kg K; 5.065 m³.)

 QNo.8 A new refrigant R-407 is a mixture of 23% R-32, 25%  R-125, and 52% R-134a on a mass basis. Find the mole fractions, the mixture gas constant and the mixture heat capacities for this new refrigerant.                                                                                       (0.381,0.180,0.439; 0.09645 kJ/kgK; 0.8298kJ/kg K; 0.7334kJ/kg K.)

QNo.9 A rigid insulated vessel contains 12 kg of oxygen at 200kPa and 280K separated by a membrane from 26kg of carbon dioxide at 400kPa and 360K. The membrane is removed, and the mixture comes to a uniform state. Find the final temperature and pressure of the mixture.                                         334.5K; 305.7kPa

QNo.10 An insulated gas turbine receives a mixture of 10% CO_2, 10% H₂O, and 80% N₂ on a mass basis at 1000K and 500 kPa. The inlet volume flow rate is 2m³/s, and the exhaust is at 700kPa. Find the power output in kW using constant specific heat from the table A.5 (or other relevant table) at 300K .             (1096 kW)

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